Makabuhay Plant Extract - 4237 Words

A STUDY ON THE IN VITRO ANTIMITOTIC ACTIVITY OF TINOSPORA RUMPHII BOERL (MAKABUHAY) STEM EXTRACT ON A549 NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER CELL LINE WITH NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION AS NEGATIVE CONTROL AND VINCRISTINE AS POSITIVE CONTROL. Group 09 PBL 1 - Research Donaldo, Manuel Emerson S., MD MSc. Butad, Mark Dave Isidore Estranero, Maria Fatima Lauro, Kathrina Joy Manago, Marika Zaphia Sala, Mikee Beneve Sy, Florge Francis Urtal, Sundyne SY 2012 – 2013 CHAPTER I Introduction Background of the study According to statistics gathered by the World Health Organization, 7.6 million people worldwide died from cancer in the year 2008, accounting to 13% of all deaths. Cancer is the third leading cause of morbidity and†¦show more content†¦It does not only raise health related concerns but also financial problems especially on treatment related expenses. The effort to make new discoveries related cancer treatment caused the inception of this study. This study will hopefully provide new information on the effect of Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii boerl) plant to cancer and if proven to have a significant effect, this can be a breakthrough for an affordable and accessible treatment for cancer. Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature Tinospora rumphii boerl is a specie of Tinospora collectively known locally as Makabuhay Plant.It is a member of the Menispermaceae family of angiosperms. It is a vine reaching a height of four to ten meters. The stems are up to one centimeter thick and fleshy, with scattered protuberances. The leaves are thin sheets that are heart-shaped, six to twelve centimeters in length and seven to twelve centimeters in width, with pointed and truncate base, smooth and shiny. Its flowers only have three petals. The plant is known for its bitter nature, and the fruits of this plant are held in clusters, which can be as long as two centimeters. This plant may be propagated by planting its stem, which contains a bitter sap. It can be found in most forests all over the Philippines and it grows in tropical areas. Only the leaves and the stems of the plant have been utilized as herbal remedies for various ailments. For the stems, both the dried

Non Christians Present A Concern For The Christian Therapist

IV(2). Should the Fact that All were Either Atheists or Non-Christians Present a Concern for the Christian Therapist? B.F. Skinner’s theory of behaviorism claims that behavior is directed by environmental reinforcements, some natural and some intentionally applied. Skinner proposed three possible consequences of any behavior: reinforcements which are consequences which increase the likelihood of behavior (such as praise or food), punishments which tend to decrease behavior (such as a frown or a traffic ticket), and the lack of reinforcement or punishment which also tends to decrease behavior (such as no response to the punch line of a joke). He also holds that reinforcers can be learned (money becomes valuable because of it s†¦show more content†¦Both Christian and non-Christian parents alike have applied these principles in the rearing of their children time after time. Skinner’s skeptical view of God and religion aside, it is both safe and useful for Christian therapists to apply the operant conditioning component to their respective practices, as long as the distinct ion between Skinner and Christianity’s view of body, mind, and spirit is established up front. Here is a good example: â€Å"We refrain from hurting others not because we know how it feels to be hurt, but because hurting other members of the species reduces the chances that the species will survive, and when we have to hurt others, we ourselves have been hurt† -B.F. Skinner According to behaviorism, behavior is strictly motivated by the evasion of negative outcomes, the pursuit of positive outcomes, and of course, behavioral responses tend to die out in the absence of any consequence/ reinforcement, whether positive or negative. Our manipulation with various reinforcers shift behavior in either direction or extinguish it altogether. Life also has countless natural reinforcers, such as survival, that we all have come to know so well through experience. From a Christian standpoint, however, we have an even greater motivation, and this is to allow the Holy

Cutting Weight in Combat Sports free essay sample

Most of these examples, however, tend to focus on a select few professional sports like hockey, football, basketball and amateur sports like figure skating and track and field. Many other sports, are sometimes recognized as being an elite level, but are not nearly as understood because they do not get the exposure from the media, that more ‘popular’ sports do. A lot of combat sports, including wrestling, fall in to this category. Wrestling gets a limited media exposure compared to more popular sports, and as a result, is not well understood. For example, at the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, Canada earned its first gold medal by wrestler Carol Hyun at weight 49 kg. Yet wrestling was generally not covered extensively over most television networks, (Yardly, 2008). Because combat sports aren’t generally media-popular sports, they are often not understood, which leads to some misconceptions. For instance, they are viewed as more violent compared to other contact sports such as hockey or football, or that it requires less training, (Bina, 2011). However, one of the biggest misconceptions, and the one I am choosing to focus on is that cutting weight, in a sport such as wrestling, is an unhealthy component of the sport with detrimental consequences. That’s not to say that there aren’t extreme examples of dangerous and reckless weight cutting with dire consequences. However weight cutting, when monitored and executed properly, is just another example of hard work and sacrifices that must be made within the sport. Cutting Weight in General Most combat sports are divided into weight classes. This gives athletes the advantage of competing against someone who is relatively their own size. Rather than having a 190 pound athlete compete against a 130 pound athlete. The competitors attend a weigh- in session in which the athletes are weighed and are grouped in to the listed weight class. This is where the concept of cutting weight comes in. Instead of wrestling someone your own size, why not lose weight and wrestle somebody who is smaller? This thought process has become very popular in recent years with wrestlers, especially in North America. Cutting weight is known as the process of losing a lot of weight in a short amount of time. If it is only a few pounds, losing the weight is fairly easy, but if the athlete is trying to drop multiple weight classes in a few days that is when issues arise. Unfortunately, the small amount of attention from the media that wrestling receives is mainly focused on the most extreme cases and negative cases, where athletes refuse liquids for hours, food for days and wear multiple layers of clothing to sweat out the weight. In some cases athletes are dressed in sweat suits and sit in steam rooms at ridiculously high temperatures in attempts to lose the weight. The media has brought the attention to the deaths and the injuries instead of focusing more on the good of the sport. When the process of cutting weight is only viewed in such a negative way, it’s easy to assume that it can be very detrimental to anyone’s body. Effects of Extreme Weight Cuts These extreme cases that the media has focused on are, of course, very unfortunate. These cuts have very harmful effects on the body. First of all, there is the obvious fact that the body is being dehydrated. Dehydration alone, causes the body to be tired and sleepy, causes the body to have a ard time concentrating and can be easily stressed, (Matheney, 2010). An athlete is also more prone to being injured when they are dehydrated, (Matheney, 2010). Dehydration causes the organs in the body to work harder to continue their bodily functions. Examples of this are the heart and the kidneys. The heart pumps blood all over the body after it has been oxygenized. Without the necessary amou nt of water in the body, the heart has to pump stronger and more often, causing it to be over worked. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood stream and without water it cannot filter properly. As a result, dehydration can cause kidney and heart failure. There are also reports of harming the liver during the process of cutting weight, (McAllister,2011). Aside from the physical effects, there are some mental effects on the body as well. Refusing foods and liquids days before a weigh in can increase an athlete’s risk of an eating disorder. Although, it is not necessarily because of the media and pressures to look a certain way, it is caused by the pressures of the team, coaches and themselves to weigh a certain weight. There is also the possibility of hormone imbalances which cause mood swings and depression in athletes, (Matheny, 2010). Effects on Growth and Development Younger, maturing athletes who cut large amounts of weight are more likely to experience hormone imbalances, which is caused by under nutrition. As a result the body’s growth hormone gets altered, which may cause permanent growth impairment if it is repeated over many seasons of wrestling, (Cochan, 2011. ) Any dietary restrictions in children who compete can also be harmful. Children, especially those who compete in intense levels of physical activity need a variety of nutrients. Since they are still growing and developing, many fats and carbohydrates are needed to keep the body fueled. If not, dietary restrictions may also reduce protein nutrition and muscular performance, (Health Canada, 2011). Proper Techniques Although cutting weight will never be considered something extremely healthy, there are methods of cutting weight that do less harm to the body. People can cut weight properly over a long period of time through dieting and water manipulation. A simple low carb diet can help anybody two to three pounds per week. As long as the diet is still feeding the body the necessary nutrients, like water, only a small and necessary amount carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, it will still have enough energy to exercise intensely and slowly lose weight, (Landry, 2009). For example, after an intense workout or practice, eating a fruit would benefit the body. The simple sugars are carbohydrates that help replenish muscles after being worked very hard. This can be consumed instead of a calorie-high and carb-loaded protein drink. Another way losing weight that is less harmful to the body is known as water manipulation. Athletes are able to â€Å"trick† their body into thinking that it is consuming more water, then it actually is. For example, in the week leading up to the weigh in, for two days an athlete will drink eight litres of water. He or she will let the body adjust to this enormous amount of water being consumed. Naturally, the body will rid the excess water. After the two days, he or she will cut down to four litres, which is still a large amount. The body is still taking in more water than necessary, and is still ridding a large amount. This can help an athlete lose from 5-7 pounds in the days leading up to a weigh in. Effects on Performance After being dehydrated for an extended period of time, the body takes a prolonged time to rehydrate. According to The Wrestler Diet, by Roger Landry and others, the body intakes â€Å"only about two pints [of water] per hour, and takes up to 48 hours for the water balance tissue in your muscles to be restored,†. Different bodies, however, react differently. Athletes who have been dieting responsibly and are used to competing may be more familiar with restoring their bodies before a tournament. Ioannis Barbas did a study on twelve Greco – Roman wrestlers and how they recovered from the average weight cutting process during the tournament. Through his study he discovered a number of things like which matches in the day were the hardest for most athletes – that being the fourth match- , when the athletes found themselves most tired and so on. He did this by recording performance measurements, muscle damage assessments, and blood sampling before and after every match. He also found that these wrestlers were able to overcome weight loss routines before tournaments and preform very well and up to their usual abilities. Another factor that may affect the performances of combat sport competitors may be improper diets. Other professional and amateur sports that do not focus on weight have the advantage of consuming many high calorie and high carb foods that would fuel the body with necessary nutrients during their competition. Meanwhile, athlete who are concerned about their weight are restricting these types of foods so he or she can make the desired weight class. In other words, these athletes are not getting proper nutrients, which may affect the athlete’s performance, (Smith). However, if the athlete loses the weight responsibly and avoids dehydration as much as possible, the recovery should be maximal. If an athlete has been dehydrated for a short period of time, and rehydrates with water and electrolytes after the weigh in the negative effects should be minimal, (Barbas, 2010). Average Cuts The average amount of weight that is cut by athletes strongly depends on the sport, and the level of competition. For example, professional UFC fighters are going to cut more than a rookie high school wrestler. Professional UFC fighters are known to cut anywhere from 20 to 45 pounds, (Wong, 2010). This is an extremely large amount, but most of it is done over a long period of time and carefully, considering this is what they do as a profession. High school and university level wrestlers could drop a simple five pounds to 15 pounds over time, (McAllister, 2011). Prevention of Weight Cutting With the number of deaths and injuries that have occurred from athletes cutting weight, there had to be changes made. The consequences of cutting weight are very extreme, yet many athletes continue to do so in a very reckless way. In the United States, collegiate wrestling competitions have changed the weigh in date from the evening before the competition, to the day of the competition. This helps reduce the chance of athletes cutting weight by giving them less time to recover after dehydration and starvation. The less time to recover, the less likely the athlete will perform well, and therefore an athlete is less likely to cut. The NCAA has also recently taken many steps to reduce the chances of athletes cutting weight. They have banned competitors of practicing in a room that is hotter than 80 degrees Fahrenheit, self – induced vomiting, and extensive fluid and/or food restrictions, (Loma, 2010). Another common restriction that has been made is the banning of sauna suits. This is a decent compromise to athletes because the act of weight cutting can still be done, but in a much less dangerous way. Sauna suits are very dangerous and can easily overheat an athlete. Conclusion Cutting weight is an unhealthy part of combat sports. Nonetheless, it is a part of the sport. Unfortunately, the small amount of attention the media gives to these combat sports, such as wrestling, tend to be more negative and focused on extreme cases of athletes cutting large amounts of weight. As a result of the lack of attention, the sports are not thoroughly understood, particularly the concept of cutting weight. Cutting weight does have detrimental effects on the body, especially young, growing children. But if it is executed properly, then the negative effects are negligible. If athletes do monitor their weight cutting process over time and very carefully, they will be able to compete near their fullest potential. If cutting weight, and other misconceptions about combat sports had more exposure, it would be understood that cutting weight is just another part of the sport that demonstrates hard work and extreme sacrifices. Works Cited Barbas, I. , (Nov 27th, 2010). , Physiological and performance adaptations of elite Greco-Roman wrestlers during a one-day tournament. , Retrieved from http://www. fila-official. com/images/FILA/documents/stages/2010/Barbas_physiological_performance_adaptations_gr. pdf on Feb 20th, 2012. Bina, A. , (Feb 2011). , Why is College Wrestling Unpopular? Retrieve from

Essay Samples For College Application

Essay Samples For College ApplicationStudents and other adults often get surprised when they get to the point of completing the essays for their college applications. Often they have no idea how to go about crafting an essay which will win them the coveted award of college acceptance. Unfortunately, the problem usually becomes compounded because they are working with too many essay samples for their own unique needs.Writing an essay is not a simple process. It requires different writing techniques from essays that are used for schools and colleges. This is because essay writing for college or other professional endeavors requires that you have some experience in this particular area. The reason why this is so is because there are too many skills that need to be developed in order to produce a quality essay.College and professional level essays usually require things like the use of vocabulary words, grammar, essay facts, background information, using examples, and good organization. Not only are there a specific way to perform these steps but it also depends on the type of education you have achieved as well.For example, if you are using essays for elementary school, then you will be in a much better position to understand how to properly present a thesis statement. Many middle school students forget that they do not always have to make the entire essay all about themselves. They can include facts about themselves, their friends, or even work related facts.Your application for college admissions is going to be your first opportunity to give a detailed description of yourself and the steps you have taken to get to where you are now. While you may feel that you need to write about how much you love animals or about your favorite food, your personal personality is going to help to create a strong impression on the people reviewing your application.When it comes to your goals and aspirations in life, you need to write as if you are talking to someone who has no pre conceived notions about you. Therefore, you need to know your capabilities and passions. This will show that you are not only self-sufficient but also that you are enthusiastic about what you are doing and are looking forward to learning more about the world around you.Focus your attention on details that will make your application stand out. Good examples of essay samples for college application include factual information that is relevant to the process that you are in. These may include things like lists of hobbies, the names of your parents, or family members. They may include questions or statements that are appropriate for an essay for a professional degree program.Write about the most important things to you about your life. Be sure to explain how those things can make a difference in your future. You also need to make sure that you use specific and vivid examples when presenting your ideas. Don't forget to state your opinions and feelings as well.

What You Dont Know About Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers

What You Don't Know About Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers Secrets That No One Else Knows About An important distinction as you will notice below. Utilizing rhetorical questions is 1 way you'll be able to connect paragraphs and keep the cohesiveness in writing. Keep reading to learn more, including where to discover decent thesis statement definition and examples. It's possible to access the writer who's writing your essay directly so you may make any correction. Make sure the essay does not include a single error. If you're to really gain from model essays, you will need to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. Imagine the attribute of writing you'll receive from an affordable essay writing service. Our samples include explanations of the way to do it right and what things to avoid. You can decide to bring a couple more paragraphs should you need to expand the ideas, like adding examples to strengthen your rationale. All the reference items begin with the title of the information resource. The Good, the Bad and Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers If you neglect to submit your work in time, you risk getting a reduced grade or needing to retake the full course. There are a fantastic number of sites that offer samples of academic papers. Don't hesitate to peruse through a number of the samples to obtain an idea about what your paper will look like if you opt to order from us. In reality, besides getting a sample or help with only the subject, you can order an original custom made paper from our qualified experts. How to Choose Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers On the flip side, social costs refer to the overall cost of resources utilised in a specific manufacturing activity. Therefore, it's essential to start from some general features of the object, and after that proceed to certain features. As a consequence, spending money to take care of your essays might be challenging. It's no news to hear a huge majority of students dropping out from school due to their inability to pay fees. It is crucial to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. The apostles should expect and be happy to suffer and be tormented for the interest of what it is that they believe in. You should limit your essay so they can get to un derstand you better. When you are finished, proofread your essay and refine it, if necessary. The essay should flow in logically while staying within this issue. If you are in need of a well-crafted essay, then you can depend on us to deliver. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the possibilities of admission. Interview essays are written dependent on an interview, performed by the author. Rhetorical questions can't be utilized in every bit of writing. There are compulsory questions in the essay and should you don't answer them due to absence of knowledge or time then you'll definitely receive a rejection. Here are the 3 distinct kinds of rhetorical questions you may use in your essays. If you want to go over any issues raised by means of a question, please include your thoughts in a different document alongside your written assignment for the appropriate lesson, or get in touch with your instructor, who can answer questions before you finish the written assignment. Obviously, there are occasions as soon as your instructor may offer certain topics to work on or a set of topics from which you can select. Students who find they lack the skills required to research and formulate decent essay topic ideas should look at getting assistance from our experts. The Fundamentals of Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers You Will be Able to Learn From Beginning Immediately It is possible to also learn to tie the numerous portions of the paper together to give a cohesive reading. Feel free to request adjustments if you believe any component of the paper fails to fulfill your expectat ions. If you are able to, read a few of the papers twice. Research papers ask that you conduct research on a topic, have a stand and justify the claims you're making. Here's What I Know About Samples of Answer Questions in Essay from Papers If you are fighting with rhetorical questions and are thinking about how to receive them right, don't worry. Make certain you use rhetorical questions in context to the bigger point you're trying to make. In the event you have any pressing questions, you don't need to shy away. If there are a number of questions, all questions are read in order to fix the order to answer them.

Law School Essay Samples

Law School Essay SamplesLaw school essay samples are some of the most valuable documents you can take with you when you choose a career in law. They'll help you identify how you should be writing your academic essays, so that you can write a well-written document that will stand out. Here are some great essay examples to guide you through the process.'My Life Among the People' is an autobiographical essay by a student at the University of Chicago Law School. It was written by Robert Jackson, an English professor. The essay presents a personal and highly personal perspective on one of the most important periods in American history. Anyone who writes an essay about this period, or who's ever had the misfortune of being there, will benefit from studying this essay.Essays that are based on experience, such as this one, should focus on the topics of the issues at hand. In this case, it focuses on the effect of the Great Depression on the general population. One section is titled 'It Was L ike This All the Time,' and discusses the effect of a time of economic turmoil on the general population. Another section deals with the effect of the economic meltdown on the judicial system. One of the key themes in this essay is the fact that it is very difficult to judge human beings in the midst of the chaos that the economy created.'The Americanization of America' is a little different from the others in this article, but it still demonstrates many of the same elements. The author, Christopher Lasch, was an intellectual. He was also a liberal. He was also very familiar with the workings of the Republican party, and particularly with the way that the New Deal programs, and the growing welfare state, impacted American society. The essay, written in the 1970s, is based on extensive research and careful consideration of all the facts and figures of the time period.'My Frustration'It's My Own Fault' are both unique in their design, but they share a certain consistency. 'My Frustrat ion' was written by a student at Columbia Law School. 'It's My Fault' was written by a student at the University of Michigan Law School. Both students were in the process of teaching a class. In the first case, the author takes responsibility for the actions that led to his own failure.'The Fallacy of Favourable Consequences' is written in a sociological setting. The author, Alfred, uses metaphors in the piece to illustrate the loss of control in many relationships. In this case, it's a divorce. He argues that the legal process that governs divorce is extremely intricate, and that what a couple chooses to do is not necessarily what the other partner wants them to do. 'If You Don't Think You Can Be a Divorce Court Judge, I Think You Can Be Any Law School Law Student.''In Praise of Joy' is a very funny and philosophical literary piece. The author, Joseph Conrad, critiques the effects of his own writing, and how he is reacting to others. He argues that the critic should have greater le eway in assessing what the rest of society thinks, and that the writer needs to accept the mistakes of others in order to continue growing as a writer.These are only a few of the law school essay samples to look at. If you're considering writing a document like this, you'll want to study as many of them as possible. They can give you a good idea of how to handle the situations and the issues that you will face in law school.

The Definitive Manual to Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need

The Definitive Manual to Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need The War Against Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Essays are often necessary for scholarship applications. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. PaperCoach will be able to help you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment! You can also locate recommendations about what types of scholarships you should apply for. Applying for several scholarships at one time can be quite stressful. They can come from a wide variety of sources. If you're applying for scholarships apart from the UAOnline program, however, it might be effective to directly deal with the committee or reader, especially in the event that you understand specifically who will be evaluating your essays. Want to Know More About Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need? It will be work, but this is yet another reason why it's so important to select the most suitable essay samples scholarships to apply to. Remember that all scholarship applications are different, which means you might need to design your essay to fulfill those particular requirements. Actually, should you need a personalized essay for scholarship feel free to get in touch with AdvancedWriters writing service. Customized scholarship essay is the best remedy to all o f your problems! The very first step to any essay writing is to choose a subject of interest. There are many ways to conclude your essay in a highly effective way. You don't need to possess the very best writing skills as a way to be creative and compose an effective essay. Utilizing a writing service is the perfect method to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting all the important points and are at the appropriate depth necessary for your academic grade. Several websites affiliated with colleges also provide essay samples as a way to send prospective students on the right path. Obviously, this list isn't exhaustive, these are simply a few examples of the most well-known reasons students turn to writing services. The scholarships you find are likely to fit into specific themes that you must have the ability to identify as a way to save your family time, frustration, stress, and most significantly money. There are lots of scholarships that may help you pay educational expenses, however, writing a scholarship request letter can help you become through. The Ultimate Soccer Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Trick Without knowing good essay making, your likelihood of going into a great college are slim. They may need to keep up a very good grade average to make sure they get in the school of their selection. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. Despite the fact that it would make your life a good deal easier if you could just use the very same essay again and again, you should follow directions. Being part of an excellent educational institution can be very costly. When an individual would like to study further but cannot afford the fees, among the best options is to look for a scholarship from an organization. Attention to detail is 1 thing judges search for in a scholarship application. Ask yourself whether you're the person that you wish to be. Ask the teacher or friend who's reading your essay to keep a look out for any instances where you may have veered away from the directions. It's important that you know how to write a scholarship essay so you can produce your case and convince the judges that you're the ideal person for the award. A scholarship essayis part of ascholarship application. Since the scholarship is for an education, an individual should include things like acquiring a superb education as a significant objective. Some scholarships are based solely on an individual's dedication to their community. Therefore, awarding me the scholarship will help me to find the education required to enhance the lives of the people whom I work for each day in my community based group together with in my field of public wellbeing.